The Rise of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology

 The grid provides electrical energy to the car, which charges the battery.On the other hand, the automobile releases electrical energy and charges it to the grid whenever needed, say in order to provide peak power. In other words, vehicle batteries serve as both energy storage and supply. Research indicates that vehicles are not used for active transportation more than 90% of the time [1]. The Rise of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology allows electric vehicle (EV) batteries to be employed to supply electricity markets while maintaining their primary transport function.

With a properly constructed smart grid algorithm, EVs serve as a tool for balancing consumption and buildup of electrical energy, which benefits the overall network load. With the widespread adoption of bidirectional charging, energy supply companies and renewable energy sources will be able to smooth out energy consumption peaks, while electric vehicle owners will be able to charge their vehicles at lower rates and return electricity to the grid at a lower cost [10]. V2G technology encompasses two concepts: vehicle-to-home (when the electric car is at home) and vehicle-to-building.

The vehicle-to-grid idea has the following advantages

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In certain instances, the battery can provide power to the electrical load [2]. For charging or discharging electric vehicles, the system makes use of three main entities. The electric vehicle is charged from the electric grid at some point, for example, the owner's residence, a parking area, or public charge points. In the course of time, in the past decades, humanity has been successfully fighting climate change issues, and the energy sector has made an invaluable contribution to this. One interesting approach is the active use of V2G technology, which allows electric vehicles to receive and transmit energy to the electrical grid [3].

The future active deployment of V2G technology has enormous potential to transform the face of green transport and electric vehicles. Electric vehicles can be an active role in a well-balanced and efficient energy system with continued progress in integrating V2G. As a result, V2G is at the leading edge of change and advancement in green transport projects, paving the way for a greener perspective on mobility. The daily load pattern tends to become more uneven, which reduces the efficiency of generating equipment.

Analysis of the current state of power supply parameters of the Moscow energy system

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To address this issue, experts recommend vehicle-to-grid technology that enables the two-way flow of electricity to an electric vehicle with a battery and into the grid. One of the key benefits of V2G technology lies in its peak load management. During peak demand hours, electric vehicles can feed power as batteries, balancing the grid load and reducing the need for traditional generators. Besides this, V2G provides novel opportunities for intermediate energy storage, which will become increasingly necessary as the proportion of renewable energy sources grows.

Electric vehicles can be utilized to gather and store excess energy from solar and wind farms when there is low demand [4].

The advantage for electric vehicle owners of the V2G technology is that they can sell excess energy to the grid and earn extra money. Despite its potential, V2G technology has several challenges that include technical standards, security, and data privacy.

Rosseti Moscow Region Moscow Cable Networks

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Overall, V2G technology represents an essential and promising option in modern energy. Active use of this technology can assist enhance the reliability and sustainability of the electricity system, creating new chances to reduce environmental impact while also generating cash. At the same time, successful implementation of V2G technology will necessitate close collaboration between the automotive and energy industries, the creation of special government programs, and interaction with ministries and departments, while the technologies themselves must be fully compliant with international standards [5].

The goal of this research is to examine the concept of two-way use of electric vehicles, which entails connecting the car to a shared electrical network for recharging and generating electricity to participate in load schedule management. Furthermore, the stakeholders must invest money in electronics and grid enhancement because charging an EV into the grid must have a bidirectional interface that has the ability to feed energy back into the grid. Battery life: The EV's batteries last for around 1,000 cycles. Most of the times, charging and depleting the battery will shorten the life of the battery.

Conclusion

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As a result, each EV owner must sell the stored energy back to the grid when demand is strong enough to cover the cost. Scientists are also exploring the V2G idea, since most of the suggested designs and control techniques remain too complex to implement. More research is necessary to lower the complexity and cost of V2G compliance with the grid and the vehicle.

The active role of V2G technology in the future has tremendous potential to alter the landscape of electric vehicles and sustainable transportation. With ongoing development of integrating V2G, electric vehicles are capable of playing an active role in a well-balanced, efficient energy system.